Advertising job likes and dislikes listening exercise

In this listening comprehension you will hear a woman speaking about what she likes and dislikes about her advertising industry job. Listen to what she says and decide whether the following statements are true or false. You will hear the listening twice. Try to listen without reading the listening transcript. After you have finished, check your answers below to see if you have answered the questions correctly. Listen to the selection. Advertising Job Quiz Her job is extremely diverse.She spends a lot of time on the phone.She telephones people to ask them survey questions.The most important thing is what people think.They can lose jobs if sales decrease.She enjoys the artistic nature of her job.Her best idea came when she was brainstorming.Brainstorming is done alone.One great idea alone can bring success.You can lose your job easily.What profession does she work in? Listening Transcript Well, everyday for me is different. I mean to say that some days I speak to clients for hours and hours, and try to convince them that our ideas are the best.   A lot of my time is spent on research. Well, we have to deal with all the viewing and readership figures. We make up our own surveys to discover what a cross section of people think. We dont just look at what people think, but because what really counts is: What sells the goods? The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.   The part I really enjoy is the creativity. Its funny really. I get ideas in the most peculiar places. The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath. I jumped out and wrote it down immediately. We also do what we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas. And we get the best ideas this way. That is as a result of teamwork. I mean, alright, we depend on everybody being creative, and this often happens best when youre working alone. But without a good team, no campaign has a hope in hell of succeeding. A good agency is, in fact, a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.   Hmmm, the drawbacks. Now, the biggest drawback of my work is that you stand or fall by your results. If you cant think of new ideas, or you make an expensive mistake then you get fired. And youre out of a job. Thats always worrying, I can tell you.   Quiz Answers True - Every day is different. She states Well, everyday for me is different.True - Sometimes she spends hours and hours on the phone with one client. She states, I speak to clients for hours and hours and try to convince them that our ideas our best.False - She does research on data they get from surveys. She states  A lot of my time is spent on research.False - Sales is the most important thing. She states  ... because what really counts is: What sells the goods?True - If sales dont rise, they can lose a customer. She states  The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.True - She really enjoys the creativity. She states  The party I really enjoy is the creativity.False -She was sitting in a bath. She states  The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath.  False - Brainstorming is when everybody gets together to come up with ideas.  She states  ... we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas.Fals e - Teamwork is required for success. She states  A good agency is a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.True - If you make a mistake you can get fired.  She states  If you make an expensive mistake then you get fired.  Advertising

The Holiday Cove Mitigation Plan - 906 Words

This Holiday Cove mitigation plan has been developed in concert with State and Federal organizations to ensure the safety and protection of personal property of its citizens. Funding for programs and specific mitigation methods will be shared among tax programs as well as outsourced grants and loans such as the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) (FEMA, 2016). Holiday Cove’s mitigation plan will include monitoring of appropriate land use restrictions, responsible building codes, hardening of life line resources, as well as protecting against tourism loss revenue through beach erosion prevention techniques. This plan has an emphasis on hurricane and flooding damage as history has indicated this is the highest natural hazard our location must plan for. Location Description Holiday Cove is a medium sized coastal community with a large metropolitan area. A majority of the citizens live within 5 miles of the beach in single family homes and commute inland for work. The main industry is tourism; a typical population increase of 10,000 visitors occurs during the summer months. Primary housing for tourism is high rise hotels/condo. The location of Holiday Cove limits available evacuation routes from the beach area. U. S. Highway 1 is a North – South route that evacuates to Interstate 95N. Lifeline resources include a Level 4 trauma center; electricity/water/ and sewage are all supported by the city operated publically owned utility company Holiday Cove ElectricalShow MoreRelatedFormulation of the Philippine National Tourism Development Plan 2011-201615214 Words   |  61 PagesPrioritizing Tourism Interventions in the SCDs - 6 - 3.2.1 Northern Philippines - 7 - 3.2.2 Central Philippines - 7 - 3.2.3 Southern Philippines - 8 - 3.2.4 Implications For Setting Development Priorities - 8 - Introduction Although previous tourism plans had tried to focus destination development and marketing on a few selected priority tourism destinations, these have generally been unsuccessful and slow to develop, while leaving many stakeholders largely excluded. As a result, the destination and

The Market For Soft Drinks At UBS University †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Market For Soft Drinks At UBS University. Answer: Introduction The scope of this assignment relates to USB University, which is a large university. The purpose of this assignment is to create the understanding of the soft drink market in the University amongst students (Jensen, 2013). From the whole industry, one particular product 375ml cane has been selected as the sample product for the purpose of this study. The primary or personal data has been collected by the way of the questionnaire. These questionnaire is to be filled by the students for which a particular class of the student is selected. This class has being selected because it is not possible for analysing reviews from whole universitys students. After the selection of the technique and preparing a questionnaire, analysis research has been divided into two segments, which are international and local students (Pierce, 2013). Data analysis According to Pierce Shoup (2013), data analysis concerns itself with facts and the figures of the present situation in any organization. Data analysis techniques are of two types primary and the secondary. For the purpose of this study primary data analysis techniques has been used in order to create the understanding of sofdrink among the students. Primary data are more reliable because, it has been collected by the personal observation, not by the secondary or unreliable sources. Primary source in this study is a questionnaire and these questionnaires are prepared by the group of 5 people or students. Data collected is analysed using basic analysis, behaviour of local student alongside international students and lastly in cases of advanced scenarios as given below; The Proportion of the students- In this study questionnaire has been filled up by the student of the last semester. Where the ratio between local and international student is 5:2. This ration indicates the 50 students are local and remaining 20 are international. The data have been analyzed on 70 random students and on the basis their behavior towards the soft drink consumption. The Relationship between the price and average quantity consumed According to Feldstein (2012), prices are eventually the amount paid for buying any commodity (Feldstein, 2012). Prices affect the behavior of both the consumers and sellers. Average quantity consumed is basically the average cans consumed by the individual or average amounts consumed by the students. This has already been defined as the average consumption per student. According to De Jonghe et.al. (2012), demand is defined as the quantity demanded for any commodity, at a particular point of time and at a particular price (De Jonghe, et. al. 2012). Demand is affected by the prices as the price increases the demand tends to down and vice a versa. Demand fluctuates due to many reasons, as for example substitution effects and normal goods and so on and so forth. Hence, it has been clear that the demand increase with the fall in prices thus, implying a negative relationship between the both. As a result of the change in prices, demand of an individual change and impacts the average quantity consumed. So the prices and the average quantity consumed are interrelated with each other. As the price increases consumer purchases less of it and vice a versa. As for example, prices for Pepsi increase and demand for Pepsi declines and for Cokeincreases. Most popular and the least popular drink According to Sanchez et.al. (2013), students prefer the cans of Pepsi instead of Cokeand other brands (Sanchez, et. al. 2013). Pepsi is quite strong in taste which is preferred by the youth or students. Pepsi is more popular among the international students because Pepsi is a more popular international brand. Limca is the least popular drink among the students between both the classes of the students. Every student has different perception regarding their choice, taste and preferences and so on. It has been concluded from the questionnaire that Cokeand Pepsi both are the priorities of the international and the local students. Loyalty towards any brand among the students According to Snipes Benotsch (2013), Loyalty towards a particular brand is there amongst students, but this perception differs from student to student (Snipes, 2013). International clients tend to have more loyalty toward their brand instead of locals. But this data also have certain discrepancies. Some students get attracted towards the discounted substitution effect when they get a huge discount on any certain product. Some clients develops loyalty till and until, discount is not so huge, so every kind of students is available in the university. For example, if the prices of Pepsi increase and prices of Cokedecrease, then the customers will buy more of the Cokeand shift their brand. Demand difference between local and international students According to Basu et.al. (2013), local and international students have different tastes and preferences (Basu, et. al. 2013).. International students are habituated with particular taste or brand and local ones are of them. Local ones are getting their taste in their country hence, they are more demanding for the products of their country instead of international. International clients have their brand loyalty so usually they demand less of local products. Most and least popular drinks among local students, how does this compare with the preferences of the international student According to Amangala (2013), local students are used to their Cokecans, which are in individual packs; these cans are popular among them because these are quite affordable for the students (Amangala, 2013). Local students are not used to consume expensive and international beverages. On the contrary, international students are quite conscious regarding what they drink and the tastes of their country, so they prefer the international brands and tastes. They are also worried regarding the diet and more conscious about the calories and various other factors. Hence, they have quite different perception however, there are some exceptions also in this study. International students are not attracted by the prices, they just want to consume their product, and they are quite loyal towards their brands. Are local students more loyal to their brand than international students? No, local students are not that much loyal towards the brands because they are used to all brands available in their country. Hence, they are attracted with the huge discounts with some exceptions. International students are more loyal usually because they are hardly getting their tastes in all local drinks. So they prefer only their drinks and they hardly get attracted towards other brands. According to questionnaire every type of students is there with different characteristics. Students selects Pepsi as their common brand because Pepsi is a trustable and more preferred brand. Pepsi is one of the oldest and the trustable brand with the good market image. The market image and affordable prices are two most attractive factors for students to stick with Pepsi, as their first choice. Summary From this study it can be concluded that, every student has their own taste and preferences. Some students are have their brand loyalty, but some do not and some have loyalty to a limited extent. International and local students have different perception towards their preferences and brand loyalty for a product. Demand for products also differs with the change in prices. Average demand and prices of the products are interrelated which changes with the change in prices and discounts. International and local students have different tastes and different popular drinks among them. References Amangala, T. (2013). The Effect of Demographic Characteristics on Organisational Commitment: a Study of Salespersons in the Soft Drink Industry in Nigeria. Basu, S., McKee, M., Galea, G., Stuckler, D. (2013). Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: a cross-national analysis of 75 countries.American journal of public health,103(11), 2071-2077. De Jonghe, C., Hobbs, B. F., Belmans, R. (2012). Optimal generation mix with short-term demand response and wind penetration.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,27(2), 830-839. Feldstein, P. J. (2012).Health care economics. Cengage Learning. Jensen, J. D., Smed, S. (2013). The Danish tax on saturated fatshort run effects on consumption, substitution patterns and consumer prices of fats.Food Policy,42, 18-31. Pierce, G., Shoup, D. (2013). Getting the prices right: an evaluation of pricing parking by demand in San Francisco.Journal of the American Planning Association,79(1), 67-81. Sanchez, S. E., Martinez, C., Oriol, R. A., Yanez, D., Castaeda, B., Sanchez, E., ... Williams, M. A. (2013). Sleep quality, sleep patterns and consumption of energy drinks and other caffeinated beverages among Peruvian college students.Health,5(8B), 26. Snipes, D. J., Benotsch, E. G. (2013). High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students.Addictive behaviors,38(1), 1418-1423.

Transtheoretical Model of Change Essay Example For Students

Transtheoretical Model of Change Essay Addictive disorders can have a substantial detrimental impact on individual adults, as well as children and families. One need only attend a juvenile court, a family court, as well as criminal courts and, at times, civil proceedings to hear the details of how alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, some other substance, or any combination of the above resulted negatively on the existence of humankind. Over the past decade, the addiction treatment field has made substantial progress in identifying new techniques to deal with this problem. This paper will discuss the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM), which has had a substantial impact on addiction therapy. The TTM has proven successful with their wide variety of simple and complex health behaviors, including smoking cessation, weight control, exercise acquisition, and narcotics addiction. The TTM has found that individuals move through a series of five stages (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance) in the adoption of healthy behaviors or cessation of unhealthy ones. We will write a custom essay on Transtheoretical Model of Change specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The TTM uses the stages of change to integrate cognitive and behavioral processes and principles of change, including 10 processes of change, pros and cons (i. e. , the benefits and costs of changing), and self-efficacy (i. e. , confidence in ones ability to change), all of which have demonstrated reliability and consistency in describing and predicting movement through the stages. These stages apply regardless of whether the individual is attempting to adopt a healthy, adaptive behavior or stop an unhealthy, maladaptive behavior ( Prochaska 39-46) . A brief description of each stage follows. Pre-contemplation is the stage in which an individual has no intent to change behavior in the near future, usually measured as the next six months. Precontemplators are often characterized as resistant or unmotivated intend to avoid information, discussion, or thought regard the targeted health behavior (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). Contemplation is the stage in which individuals openly state their intent to change with the next six months. However, this stated intent does ot mean the individual is going to engage in any action. The person in this stage is more aware of the benefits of changing, but remains keenly aware of the costs. Contemplators are often seen as ambivalent to change or as procrastinators (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). Preparation is the stage in which individuals intend to take steps to change, usually with the next month. Preparation is viewed as a transition rather than a stable change, with individuals intending progress to Action in the next 30 days (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). Action is the stage in which an individual has made overt, perceptible lifestyle modifications for fewer than six months (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). . Maintenance is the stage in which the individual is working to prevent relapse and consolidate gains secured during Action. Maintainers are distinguishable from those in the Action stage and they report the highest levels of self-efficacy and are less frequently in the relapse (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). It should be noted that these phases do not follow a simple linear progression. Relapse is a common and expected occurrence in addiction recovery. Therefore, the stages are seen as a set of dynamically interacting components for which the individual will likely cycle a number of times before achieving sustained behavior change (Prochaska, Velicer 38-48). Works Cited Prochaska, J. O. 13. Stages of Change and Decisional Balance for 12 Problem Behaviors. 39-46. Print. New York: Farrar 1994 Prochaska, J. O. , and W. F. Velicer. 12. The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. 38-48. Print. New York: Cassell 1997

Theme for English B Essay Example

Theme for English B Essay Example Theme for English B Paper Theme for English B Paper Essay Topic: Ross Gay Poetry In his poem, Theme for English B Hughes explains about a paper his Professor tells him to write that comes from within him and it will be a true and honest paper, but Hughes argues that his paper might not be same due to a race difference. To my understanding in Hughes argument no matter how true his paper will be it cannot be the same because he is a colored man while his Instructor is a white man. In line six Hughes already begins to question If writing a paper about himself Is really that simple. He states that he Is twenty two colored and born In Winston-Salem, he also explains were he went to school, and how he Is the only colored student In his school. Here I feel that Hughes Is singling himself out not because he chooses to, but mainly because during his time it was not right for whites and blacks to go to school with one another, so here I saw how Hughes feels that this paper can never be true, because people during this time period were fighting against what was true that blacks and whites were now able to coexist with one another. Hughes also does an amazing comparison just between himself and his Instructor in lines twenty-eight and beyond. But it will be a part of you, instructor. You are white-yet a part of me, as I am part of you. Thats American. These were strong words for a man of his time and era to write and produce. Not only Is he saying that all men of different races are the same, but they are still different In general. Different In not Just the way they look, but also different when It comes to values, and culture. Even though both of these men are of American decent and culture they still have other identities in which they relate to themselves. In Hughes case he was a man of mixed races but saw himself mainly as a black man cause thats what other people naturally portrayed him as. Hughes also states in the poem that he may learn from his white Instructor and they might be apart of each other they sometimes do not want to be. As humans, they both learn from one another and that is what is really true. In the poem Do not go gentle into that good night by Dylan Thomas, he writes about this eerie connection to death and that good night. Also, during the time of this poems existence Thomas father was close to his death when this poem was written, there were many comparisons that I noted relating to that time on his life In this mom. In lines one threw three Thomas writes, Do not go gentle into that good night, Old age should burn and rave at close of day; Rage, rage against the dying of the light. I translated these words into a plea to death about his father actually dying. He reels Tanat It Is not Nils Tanners time Ana Tanat 010 age snouts not De Nils reason to go. Thomas is angry about his fathers state in time, his father must have meant so much to him and labeled him as his light. Though wise men at their and know dark is right his father was old and filled with so much wisdom but knew that death came at a eight time for him minus what his son felt. Do not go gentle into that good night here it seemed that Thomas was not ready to let go of his father Just yet, these few words come across as a demand towards him asking him to please not go. Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Here I feel that Thomas truly felt that his father was a good man and this was going to be the last wave goodbye to one another, their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay comes across to me as a memory of some sort they both shared with one ACH other. Thomas has so much anger and rage towards the death of his father. Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight, and learn, too late, they grieved it on its way, Do not go gentle into that good night, his sun/light is finally beginning to take off and Thomas has nothing but grief that is father is making his way into that good night. Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay, Rage, rage against the dying of the light this paragraph confused me at first, and I did not know how to interpret it. It comes cross that Thomas was metaphorically saying that the light was being drained out of his fathers eyes leaving him with this blind look upon his face. Thomas continues to be upset towards death for taking his father away from him and not allowing him to stay longer. Finally in the last paragraph Thomas writes, And you, my father, there on the sad height, curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray. Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. Here once again Thomas does not agree with the leaving of his father to death. He mentions that courage his father ad towards the very end using the metaphor, your fierce tears even thought his father might have possibly appeared afraid he was still brave towards the very end as he lied on his deathbed the sad height. As all of this is happening Thomas never lets us forget towards the end of each paragraph that he is not ready for his father to pass and that he has much anger and rage towards death for taking him away. Despite all of the negativity Thomas never let the memory of his father leave his mind, this must have been such a hard and challenging time for Thomas to loose such an important figure in his life so much hat it affected his poetry. This poem seemed to have such a powerful impact on himself as a writer but as a son as well. He fought against death as much as he could be accepted the fate his father was going to face, each line carried deep and personal meaning to it, Each poem in the end carried and harbored its own message that I hope I clearly understood, race should never be an issue, we are all equals but have differences. Death no matter when it comes can never steal the feelings we all have towards loved ones including what we write and remember.

Awesome Quotes That Will Leave Your Friends Dumbstruck

Awesome Quotes That Will Leave Your Friends Dumbstruck Have you felt the need to impress your colleagues, peers, or friends with your profound wisdom or expansive knowledge? While wisdom cannot be gained overnight, you can impress folks with your insight. A little bit of preparation will do the trick. Post cool profile status updates on Facebook and Twitter every day. Make sure that statements reflect the real you. If you want to use these awesome quotes, make sure to cite the author. Do you have to make a speech on a research topic? Dont be monotonous. Begin your speech with some interesting information. You can also use these awesome quotes to make an impressive start. Once you have grabbed attention, the rest of the speech will become easy. When you send birthday messages to your friends, instead of the boring happy birthday, throw in these awesome quotes. On your birthday, throw a party for friends, and give each friend a party favor with a personalized quote written on the gift. Read a few of these awesome quotes and commit them to memory. Once you have done that, you can simply walk into a group and stun them with your newfound wisdom. Isnt that a brilliant way to grow your fan following? Get started on your path to stardom. Sir James Barrie If you cannot teach me to fly, teach me to sing. ‎Eric Thomas When you want to succeed as bad as you want to breathe, then you’ll be successful. Jerry Seinfeld Its amazing that the amount of news that happens in the world every day always just exactly fits the newspaper. Ruth E. Renkel Never fear shadows. They simply mean theres a light shining somewhere nearby. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Mans mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions. J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone There are some things you cant share without ending up liking each other, and knocking out a twelve-foot mountain troll is one of them. Ruth E. Renkel Sometimes the poorest man leaves his children the richest inheritance. Will Rogers Everything is funny as long as it is happening to somebody else. Jimmy Carter Go out on a limb. Thats where the fruit is. Jenny Han, The Summer I Turned Pretty Its the imperfections that make things beautiful. George Burns No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible. Rick Riordan, The Lost Hero I don’t try to be awesome. It just comes natural. Sir Winston Churchill A lie gets halfway around the world before the truth has a chance to get its pants on. Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry If you want to build a ship, don’t herd people together to collect wood and don’t assign them tasks and work, but rather teach them to long for the endless immensity of the sea. Marilyn Monroe Im selfish, impatient, and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and at times hard to handle. But if you cant handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell dont deserve me at my best. Albert Einstein Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and Im not sure about the universe. Benjamin Franklin A man wrapped up in himself makes a very small bundle. William J. Cameron Money never starts an idea; it is the idea that starts the money. Tao Le Ching It is only by not trusting that you turn someone into a liar. Bertrand Russell The fundamental cause of trouble in the world is that the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt. Chinese Proverb Pearls dont lie on the seashore. If you want one, you must dive for it. Steve Jobs Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Alice Longworth If you haven’t got anything nice to say about anybody, come sit next to me. Antoine Saint-Exupery A pile of rocks ceases to be a rock pile when somebody contemplates it with the idea of a cathedral in mind. William Shakespeare The earth has music for those who listen. Rumi Looking up gives light, although at first it makes you dizzy. Anaà ¯s Nin We don’t see things as they are, we see things as we are. Elvis Presley Do something worth remembering. Michelangelo Genius is infinite painstaking. Voltaire The best way to become boring is to say everything. Richard Branson Screw it. Let’s do it! W. C. Fields I am free of all prejudice. I hate everyone equally. Aristotle There is only one way to avoid criticism: do nothing, say nothing, and be nothing. Zen Proverb Sit, walk, or run, but don’t wobble. Epictetus Only the educated are free. Karl Wallenda Life is being on the wire, everything else is just waiting. Thomas Edison The greatest invention in the world is the mind of a child. Zen Saying Leap and the net will appear. Raynor Schein Tears are the rinse water of an unhappy heart. John A. Shedd A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not what ships are built for.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Communication - Essay Example Adolf Hitler, Ronald Reagan and Barack Obama are these leaders. Their speeches inspired people, moved people and united their nations, both for good and bad reasons. This paper will examine the speech styles of the three leaders as they accept their wins in their respective national elections. Adolf Hitler is a very passionate man, and it is evident in his speeches. His acceptance speech is quite moving, and as a non-German speaker, I even find myself nodding to his speech. Although we know how Hitler was tyrannical, listening to his speech is totally a different experience. His speech is very inspiring and hopeful. It gives the audience a sense of power and strength when they hear Hitler’s acceptance speech. They can identify with him because of the passion that’s evident in the manner of Hitler’s delivery. Hitler’s speech, as some people put it, comes straight from the heart and people sense this sincerity. This makes them believe his words. Hitler’s stance may be very aggressive and antagonistic but his speech inspires a sense of triumph on their part because of the strength that he gives the words he speaks. Hitler discredits his enemies too and gives quite logical explanations for his actions, making people believe that he is doing something that’s actually going to make Germany power to be reckoned with. Another leader that’s quite famous for his speech is Ronald Reagan. He is one of the most endeared Republicans, and it is not a secret that even hard core Democrats voted for him. His speech is largely to be credited for that. Unlike Hitler, Reagan’s speech style is more docile, but like Hitler’s, it is hopeful and antagonistic. The antagonistic part can be later seen in his later speeches (take note of the famous Reagan-words like â€Å"evil empire†) but then this facet of him as a speaker is also attributed to his honesty. He is named as

Issues in Accounting Theory and Practice (Case Study National Case - 2

Issues in Accounting Theory and Practice ( National Greenhouse Accounts Factor) - Case Study Example The greenhouse gases include methane, carbon dioxide, specified hydrofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride and specified perfluorocarbons. There are four methods used to conclude scope 1 emissions. The first one is fuel combustion that focuses on fuel combustion and the emissions it releases. There is ‘emissions of industrial processes’ that deals with greenhouse gases resulted from carbonates consumption and using fuels as carbon reductants or feedstock. It also focuses on the release of synthetic gases in certain cases. Another method used in scope 1 is fuels’ fugitive emissions, which focus on emissions from the removal, manufacturing and supply of fossil fuels. The fourth method is ‘waste emissions’ that deals with release of GHG from the decay of organic material in facilities handling wastewater. The first method is fuel combustion, and it is appropriate for Contex because the company deals with motor vehicles that release GHG throu gh use of fleet fuel. This is also because the most vital source is GHG emissions from the combustion of fuel that account for more than 60 per cent reported emissions. Scope 2 emissions are in most cases a type of indirect emission. The scope deals with activities that produce electricity, cooling, heating or steam that a facility consumes, but are not part of the facility. They take place mainly at electricity generators because of the consumption of electricity at a different facility. The emissions of scope 2 also come from electricity obtained from outside sources. The scope provides the factors of emissions through the electricity’s supplier or by using the NT’s emission factor. The generation of NT electricity largely represents a combination of the generation of diesel and natural gas, which is a logical equivalent for the fuel mix employed in outside electricity generation. The factors of emission for scope 2 show data depending on on-grid activity

Letter To The Manager Essay Example for Free

Letter To The Manager Essay Greetings! I am so pleased and overwhelmed that I was given this particular opportunity to present you with a proposal that I think is highly beneficial not only to the progress of the students that are to enter the institution but would also impact the reputation and competency of the school in catering to the needs of its students. Every child or student in this case, who is under a development period needs a careful attention with regards their physical growth as well. Besides that, it could also be noted that athletics department intend to offer programs that are likely to have an impact on the development of the children or the students towards a more active physical and mental performance. I am really hoping that somehow, you would spare sometime in considering examining the presentation that I have prepared herein, thus be able to consider the development of and the application of the suggestions presented in the actual institutional operations. Again, thank you so much for sparing some of your time. LIST OF TABLES: Proposed Pattern of funding the department   and Paying for the Service of the personnel †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Personnel Roles and Responsibilities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Proposal Page 1 ADDING AN ATHLETIC DEPARTMENT IN A NEW EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION Introduction It is undeniable that sports facilities are always treated as primary sections in any educational institutions today. This is primary because of the need of assisting students in developing their physical stamina as a part of their growth towards maturity. Studies even prove that it is not only the physical strength that is being developed through this procedure. Moreover, it could be noted that psychologists have found out that the ability of a child to think is actually empowered when their physical bodies are exercised well as part of stress relief from the mind towards the body that eases their minds to think better. Too much lecture and no exercise can actually make the brain less productive. This is the reason why educational institutions are investing well for the development of athletic departments that are expected to help their students become better academic performers. Also , with having an athletic department as part of their school, it has been made aware that this has increased competency in handling the educational needs of their students. This is the reason why I think that the establishment of an athletic department would best support the needs and the goals of this school in both the mental and the physical abilities of the students that the school is preparing themselves to cater to. Further discussion of the matter and how it particularly applies to the system of education that the institution prefers to offer shall be presented within the paragraphs that follow. Significance of the Proposal As noted earlier, physical development is a vital part of one’s growth. In establishing an athletic department within a school, it is aimed that the students receive the best service that they ought to have from all the programs offered from the educational organization. With the improvement on the process by which the students are able to relax, and learn their lessons well, the school can then gather a good reputation from their parents and staff, which would likely be passed on through word of mouth. The institution would likely have a higher number of parents trusting them for the education of their children. It is very important that the physical health of the students is given high level of attention as well as their academic achievements are given well training through the process. Through the major application of the program that the department of athletics would imply within the annual academic schedule of the institution, it is expected that the treatment of the matter would be balanced by giving more of a benefit to the development of the students of whom the organization caters to.   Proposal Page 2 How the Department is to be Established Like any other departments in educational intuitions, an athletic department needs to have a lead officer that would be in charge of setting annual schedules for the group as well as for the entire academic department. Aside from the head officers, it is important to have assistants, who are likely to assist in the process of pursuing athletic lessons, as well as athletic events that are usually handled annually as recreational break for the students of the school every now and then. But who are actually qualified to take responsibility for the said positions? Proposed Pattern of funding the department and Paying for the Service of the personnel ACTIVITIES PERSONNEL ASSIGNED TIME-LENGTH APPLICATION PAYMENT SYSTEM PAYMENT RATE Lecture and school activities Teacher or instructor for the subject (Preferably bachelors-masters degree of educational attainment) Whole year (scheduled lessons etc) Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Forming of Athletic Clubs for Aspiring Students Teacher/Officials (same educational attainment as above) Whole School Year [depending on the required training schedules for the selected athletes] Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Offering Scholarship Program for aspiring student-athletes Administrational Officials (Masters Degree of Education) Whole Year then Renewal of Terms Every 15th of the Month As per decided by the school administration and board of trustees Note: employees are to be compensated every 15th of the month for this department as the said individuals are not required to attend school everyday. There are certain schedules when they are needed thus making their job easier than that of the other employees of the institution. The rate are then decided upon by the administration depending on the hours that they spend within the premises of the school and participate on the operations of the institution. Proposal Page 3 Who are to Work within the Department Undoubtedly, an athletic department is expected to be divided into different measures of separation that would likely focus on the different aims of the department. These different sections are actually expected to handle the separation of the lecture and lesson sections of the department with that of the special events section that are used to access the athletic aims of the department. Particularly, it is understandable that the matter requires professionals who are masters of physical education instruction for the highest positions and other positions such as assistants of the program could actually be taken by other fresh graduates from college who are screened and considered competent enough to handle the responsibilities that are intended for the said job positions. Personnel Roles and Responsibilities POSITION Job Description Impact of the position within the Department and the Institution’s Success Teacher/instructor These personnel are expected to handle lecture and student regular activities offered through the institution’s curriculum. This increases the competency of the organization in handling physical health instructional responsibilities of the administration towards the community it serves. Coach Handles athletic events and motivation to the chosen athletes of the institution for competition purposes This increases the chances of the institution in making a name in the field of scholastic athletics in the community. Scholarship Assessor Examines whether who among the students are worthy to receive scholarship grants from the administration. Makes the institution more of a pillar of education that gives chances to worthy students through honing the talents and skills that they posses with regards sporting events and competitions. Administrational Head Handles the major scheduling issues of the department and gives careful arrangement for the completion of the department’s responsibilities Makes the department much organized and the institution better informed of the activities of the department. Assistantship Positions Supports the other officials of the department Makes the task much easier to complete    Proposal Page 4 Conclusion From the proposal presented, it is highly suggested that the department be carefully planned as to who shall be appointed for its important positions as it would particularly detect the competency of the entire group. Thus through this process, the surety of the department’s success is likely to be expected. Undeniably though, the cooperation of the entire institution’s body of administration is highly needed for the success of the said department. Consequently, with support from everyone in the organization, an Athletic Department could not only bring fine assistance and physical training for the students but also bring the institution a fine reputation of high excellence within the society that they are serving as a primary school. Works Cited: Richard J Dippel. (2002). An investigation of athletic department handbooks Richfield Senior High School Athletic Department. B0006R7USW. Jennifer Foley. (2000). Design and implementation of an athletic department handbook for the Red Lake Falls school district. B0006S5LMS. Wayne Mazzoni. (1998). The Athletic Recruiting Scholarship Guide. Mazz Marketing Inc; 1 edition.

Artificial Neural Networks :: Essays Papers

Artificial Neural Networks Artificial neural networks are systems implemented on computer systems as specialized hardware or sophisticated software that loosely model the learning and remembering functions of the human brain. They are an attempt to simulate the multiple layers of processing elements in the brain, called neurons. These elements are implemented in such a way so that the layers can learn from prior experience and remember their outputs. In this way, the system can learn to recognize certain patterns and situations and apply these to certain priorities and output appropriate results. These types of neural networks can be used in many important situations such as priority in an emergency room, for financial assistance, and any type of pattern recognition such as handwritten or text-to-speech recognition. The most basic elements of a neural network, the artificial neurons, are modeled after the neurons of the brain. The "real" neuron is composed of four parts: the dendrites, soma, axon, and the synapse. The dendrites receive input from other neuron's synapses, the soma processes the information received, the axon carries the action potential which fires the neuron when a threshold is breached, and the synapse is where the neuron sends its output, which are in the form of neurotransmitters, to the dendrites of other neurons. Each neuron in the human brain can connect with up to 200,000 other neurons. The power and processing of the human brain comes from multitude of these basic components and the many thousands of connections between them. The artificial neurons simulate the four basic functions of the "real" neuron. The artificial neuron is much simpler than the neuron of the brain. It takes inputs just as the "real" neuron but also multiplies these inputs by a weight value. Then they are sent to a processing unit which does what it needs to do to the value and then sends this value to the output path. In the simplest case the products of these values are simply summed and then put through a transfer process and output. This is the basic building block of all artificial neural networks, although there are many different implementations of this simple block and fundamental differences which allow for different artificial networks to be built. The major concerns of the developer is the design of the neural network system.

Genetic Engineering Is the Key to a Better Future

In February 1997, Dolly, the first mammalian clone was born in Edinburgh, Scotland (Wilson, 2003, p104). With this achievement, the public starts to give attention towards the study of genetic engineering and recombinant of DNA. Since that successful achievement onwards, people, governments and organizations had been aroused by the genetic engineering issues. The consequences of this debate had been a public protest against the use of such experimental procedures – genetic engineering. The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning and this field of study should not be protested because it has a lot of advantages to improve the quality of life for all. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Before that, what is genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification which is the human manipulation of organism’s genetic material in a way that does not occur under natural conditions. It involves the use of recombinant DNA techniques, but does not include traditional animal and plant breeding or mutagenesis. Besides that, it is also the use of various methods to manipulate the DNA (genetic material) of cells to change hereditary traits or produce biological products. The techniques include the use of hybridomas (hybrids of rapidly multiplying cancer cells and of cells that make a desired antibody) to make monoclonal antibodies; gene splicing or recombinant DNA, in which the DNA of a desired gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterium, which then reproduces itself, yielding more of the desired gene; and polymerase chain reaction, which makes perfect copies of DNA fragments and is used in DNA fingerprinting (Arora, 2007). This new technology of genetic engineering dates back to the 1950’s. In 1951 three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson, were credited with the discovery of DNA (Wilson, 2003, p1 & p11). Later, they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin, 1984). DNA is also known as deoxyribonucleic acid and it carries a living organism’s genetic code. The discovery of DNA was the very beginning of genetic engineering. Later they were presented the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962. In 1972 Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecules by combined DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus. The first genetic engineering company, Genentech, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson in 1976. Genetic engineering could be used to enhance people’s lives by its application to plants and animals used for food (Wilson, 2003, p115). Genetic engineering should be allowed to progress because of the potential benefits for the human species. For example, it will be possible for cows to will be genetically engineered to produce pharmaceuticals in their milk. This means that vaccination shots and pills would become obsolete. Babies could be brought up immune to diseases by simply being fed this milk. Imagine the impact on the quality of life for people who live in third world countries like Somalia. Countries could be made healthy and immune to disease. Malnutrition, a common problem in many third world countries â€Å"where impoverished people rely on a single crop such as rice for the main staple of their diet† (Whitman, 2000), could also possibly be cured with genetic engineering. Rice does not provide all of the nutrients that the body needs in third world countries and other food is very scarce. If rice or bread, another major staple, is genetically engineered to contain additional necessary vitamins and minerals then we could go a long way towards wiping out malnutrition all over the world. In addition, farmers who breed plants and animals specifically can be engineered to produce more meat or fruit, faster and easier than normal, then food would become cheaper and more plentiful. Furthermore, better tasting and more nutritious foods, fruits and vegetables with desired qualities can be produced. The area that stands to benefit the most from genetic engineering is medicine. Organ transplants and cosmetic procedures, like silicone breast implants, that may cause disease would soon cease to exist. Instead of using materials foreign to the body for such procedures, doctors will be able to manufacture bone, fat, connective tissue, or cartilage that match the patient's tissues exactly, thus ensuring that the needed tissue will be free of rejection by their immune system. Victims of terrible accidents who deform the face and body would be able to have their features repaired with new and safer technology. Limbs for amputees would be regenerated and anyone would be able to have their appearance altered to their satisfaction without the risk of leaking silicone gel into their bodies, or the other problems that occur with present day plastic surgery. Because genetic engineering will insure acceptance by the body, those in desperate need of organ and other transplants will one-day have their prayers answered by cloning. Using one's own cells to grow whole organs will eliminate the need for organ donors and waiting lists. Skin, brain cells, hearts, lungs, livers, and kidneys could all be produced. Those who suffer from spinal injuries, like Christopher Reeve, might one day be able to get out of their wheelchairs and walk again. Genetic engineering also has the power to cure infertility, which a painful reality that many couples throughout the world face. â€Å"The current options for infertile couples are inefficient, painful, expensive, and heart breaking† (Human Cloning Foundation). Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. According to the Human Cloning Foundation, less than 10 percent of the current infertility treatments are successful. Genetic engineering could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before by boosting success rates through nuclear transfer of sperm from the father into the mother's egg, thus creating a beautiful unique child. The exploration of genetic engineering is just the beginning but most of the society is totally against this field of study. Most of them states that genetic engineering is not part of the natural order of things. The concept that society needs to understand is that with the right amount of time and money, genetic engineering will help to reduce diseases and save many lives. Many people do not realize that genetic engineering plays a vital role in many lives throughout the world. Genetic engineering includes artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, sperm banks, cloning, and gene manipulation (Goetz, 1990). Synthetic insulin is now available for use to treat diabetes. This man made insulin has many positive aspects, which include its life span, the cost to manufacture it and the amount that is available. The synthetic insulin lasts for two to three times longer than its natural form and costs substantially less to manufacture than to extract it from an animal. One other benefit is the amount that can be manufactured. In animals, the scientists need to wait for it to mature to extract the insulin. The synthetic source is completely man made and any amount can be manufactured in large quantities. The replication of insulin is not the only way biotechnology is being utilized. Today, people receive synthetic hormones that their body cannot produce such as growth hormones, thyroid, estrogen, and testosterone. Vaccines are also another form of genetic engineering that has been used for many years. Vaccines already protect against disease to a certain extent, but for a virus like HIV, it is too risky to inject somebody with a vaccine. The reason for this is because a vaccine is a solution that contains a dead or weakened virus that has been synthetically prepared. Further work on a HIV vaccine could save many lives and possibly eliminate the disease. With the technology genetic engineering, this biotechnology makes it possible for more people to live. Other than insulin, plants are also being genetically engineered. This type of genetic engineering is more commonly accepted, but why? It is no different for a plant to be able to fight off pests then it is for a human to be able to fight off diseases. This is a contradiction, because society is saying that it is all right for a plant to be genetically engineered but not a human. Besides part of the natural order of things, people do question about the moral aspects. The moral question of genetic engineering is answered by looking at the advances in medicine. Today the advancements in medicine are evolving at high rate. If the science of genetic engineering is wrong, then so are the rest of the advances in medicine. The reason is because genetic engineering is just another form of medical advancement. Gene manipulation is not going to be used for any other purpose except for the treatment and elimination of disease. The one thing that people need to realize is the potential of genetic engineering. Try to visualize what parents of a child is dying from a disease like multiple sclerosis think about the benefits of genetic engineering. Do they think that it is morally wrong or right? They think that it is right because it is going to save their child’s life. Cloning is another form of genetic engineering that is not accepted as morally right. According to Gunter Kahl (2009), â€Å"Clone is a group of genetically identical cells or organisms originating from one single ancestral cell or organism. The term ‘Clone’ originates from Greek word ‘Klon’, which means ‘twig’ †. For example, to clone a human heart, scientist does not have to clone the whole person. They only need to clone the heart by itself. There would be no purpose in cloning a person, because it offers science little or no benefits. If somebody is cloned, it does not mean it will be the same person in every way. It only means that their genetic makeup will be exactly alike. The environment in which they grow up plays a major role in the development of the person’s personality. Safety of genetic engineering is also something that presents as a concern. Today the Federal and State Governments set many limitations on biotechnological industries. The FDA and State Governments impose limits such as the illegalization of human cloning and limits on other genetic engineering processes. The only legal forms of genetic engineering that are used today are in vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and sperm banks. Another form of genetic engineering is the use of gene therapy. Gene therapy is illegal because people should not be able to create the perfect child, but they should be able to correct a gene in a child if it has a chance of being born with Down syndrome. The safety precautions are the effect in order to save the lives of unborn babies. Gene therapy cannot be used on humans until it is perfected and when there is not even little or no chance of failure. These sciences are not perfect but giving it a few years to improve it then it will be a great benefit to the human race. Cloning is also related to the safety issue in genetic engineering. In terms cloning, it is not safe to clone a human. It took 277 trials to successfully clone Dolly the sheep. This should not stop scientists from trying to clone organs that could save many lives. Currently three states banned the cloning of humans. Among the states are Michigan, Rhode Island, and California. The state banns will stay in effect for five years in California and Rhode Island. In the state of Michigan, if convicted of attempting or cloning a human there is a number of penalties, including a ten-year prison sentence. With this amount of time, the scientists will have perfected the process of cloning and it will be accepted more than it is now. The safety regulations of cloning only extend to human cloning at the present time. This is due to the fact that cloning is not perfect and some abnormalities and failures may have come about in this new technology. Society cannot expect to be perfect the first time it does something, but merely get better as they practice. The more tests that are done on bacteria, plants, and organisms the more effective genetic engineering will benefit human life in the future. Scientists are also able to detect abnormalities in the cloned organism before it has even started to develop. By monitoring the DNA of the organism, scientists can decide if the clone will be able to further develop. If it is not able to then the process can be terminated. With all the benefits mentioned earlier, genetic engineering does bring a lot of advantages for all. However, most people throughout the world still feel that the issue of genetic engineering is unethical (Wilson, 2003, p133). Even though genetic engineering is a new aspect of our technological research, it should, at all costs, be allowed to develop further. The possible benefits from genetic engineering are endless. Genetic engineering, then, is a tool that humans can use to cure many of their problems. The possibilities are endless if only we do not let ourselves be restricted by those who are afraid of the unknown. The people of the world should ease up on holding back the evolution of science and realize its possibilities for future generations.

Germany experienced a period of political Essay

Political calm, spd can’t compromise, Hindenburg causing problems, lack of cooperation between parties causing polarisation but no outright revolutions that happened during 1919-24, growing foreign relations lorcano/treaty of berlin Economic development, result of lorcano meant breathing space from reparations also dawes and young plan and rentenmark – dawes plan borrowed US money lead to increase in capital. Later though fulfilment still causing problems and unemployment pay is causing issues, increase in taxes Social progress, conservative right unhappy and manifests in literature and cinema expressing glory in WW1 contrasts with neue sachlichkiet modern Weimar culture, Bauhaus linking art and functionality. Highlighting social issues within Weimar Overall relative calm but lack of progress, economic development but in short term and social progress but not helping Weimar. The years 1924 to 1929 are often described as the ‘Golden years’ but it is debatable to what extent Germany actually experienced political calm, economic development and social progress during this time. Certainly there was not the turbulence of post-war Germany and the consequences of the crippling Versaille Treaty were not as harsh in this period but this does not mean it was a time of development and progress. It can be suggested that it was not a period ‘of political calm’, there was certainly a lot of tension between the various political parties that made up the many coalition governments in this period, the failure of so many governments alone suggests that there were serious political issues. The narrowing of the interests of each party meant that it was becoming increasingly difficult for effective coalition governments to be formed. The SPD were especially difficult in this time as they were against compromising with the ‘bourgeois parties’ as they felt a change in ideals would occur and proposed policies like the Heidelberg Programme which would see private ownership of industry be taken over by social owners. Obviously many parties from the left felt this but the SPD had the largest amount of seats in the Reichstag, over 150 at their peak in the 20’s, and therefore had the ability to put the government into a stalemate. The SPD’s inability to compromise makes the political stage even worse when Hindenburg is elected as president  in 1925. Hindenburg, being a veteran of the Franco-Prussian war and the general who won the battle of Tannenburg was already conservative and took as many steps as he could to reduce the power the SPD had. Hindenburg also believed the powers of the president should be unrestrained and even blocked a draft that would limit his ability to use Article 48. This incoduscive atmosphere meant that by the time the SPD were willing to cooperate with a coalition government, individual interests and polarisation of parties had developed and no one else was interested. Therefore this cannot be classed as a period of political calm due to the stagnant politica l system. However, it could be suggested that this tension is to be expected as people are still feeling the effects of the First World War and political calm could be defined by the lack of extreme political parties attempting to take over. When this era is compared to the years 1919 to 1924 it is by far a time of political calm as there were no outright attempts at revolution. The years before saw extreme right and left wing idealists try to take over and the fact that this was not attempted during the ‘golden years’ meant it was a time of relative political calm. This is not to mention the successes in Stresemann’s foreign policy, which put Germany back on track to becoming a serious European power once again. The admittance of Germany into the league of nations and the signing of various treaties, such as the Lorcano treaty, meant Germany were in a period of political calm; not experiencing the diplomatic humiliation of the years before. The various treaties signed by Stresemann also helped the economic development in this period. The Dawes gained significant investments from the US and the Young Plan reduced the reparations Germany would have to pay, and set a timescale for how long they would have to pay. This gave the country some ‘breathing space’ to repair and develop its own economy. The young plan, for example, reduced the amount they would have to pay by 1700 million marks than they would in conjunction with the Dawes plan. These plans, alongside the introduction of the rentenmark meant there was an increase in German capital in this period, which can certainly be classed as a period of economic development. Whilst there is definitely evidence of economic development in the mid-1920’s it did also experience financial issues. The increase in unemployment, 15% of the workforce were unemployed by 1929, put a heavy strain on the welfare system of Weimar Germany. The institution for paying unemployment benefits had to borrow money from the Government, 342 million reichsmarks, and the parties could not agree how to find this money. The SPD would increase taxes while the DVP would cut benefits. This can be seen as a backwards move in economic development, as the system did not address the problem of unemployment, but just found more money to pay it, with the decision of how to pay for the unemployment benefits was delayed until 1930. This can be seen as the government almost shooting themselves in the foot and making a short term fix for a long term problem. This short-sightedness can also be argued to be found in Stresemann’s policies, for borrowing money from the US. An international financial crisis would leave over-dependant-on-America Germany in a high amount of debt, which is what happened when the Wall Street Crash occurred. Therefore it can be said that these years were a period of economic development, but that there would be little long term effect on the country from these developments. Social progress is probably the only contention that can be absolutely agreed with, with very influential movements like the Bauhaus dominating this period of time, summed up as Neue Schlachkliet. This movement, saw a progression in modern views and an attempt to undermine the Weimar government by exposing the issues faced through literature, theatre and film. The need for educational and social reform was well documented and although this did not bode well for the Weimar government it definitely showed progress in attitudes of the general public. The conservative nature of many Germans could still be found and also classed as a social progress in the form of anti-democratic writings and films that promoted the glory of the First World war. The two social ideas both grew in this period, but neither celebrated the Weimar Government so whilst it was undoubtedly social progress it was not productive for the Weimar republic. There is definitely a case for political calm, economic development and social progress in the mid-1920’s but they were not necessarily the advances  that would warrant the term ‘golden years’. The political calm was only due to a lack of serious opposition to the government but still they could not successfully form an effective coalition government and whilst the economy did improve in this time the provisions made were short-sighted and the country was over-reliant on foreign investments. Whilst social progress was made in this era it is easy to see that the progress wasnot in the name of democracy and presented the Weimar government with future problems as popular ideology differed from what they promoted.

hogwatch essays

hogwatch essays During the last twenty years, industrial livestock farms have been replacing the traditional family size farms that once raised most of the nations swine. The number of livestock animals produced in the United States has grown modestly in the past two decades, but the number of farms raising them has slunk dramatically because large producer now dominate the market. The large increase in industry farming has led to large quantities of manure. The over abundance of manure has become a problem that leads to problem with Pollution, heated debates between the industries and societies (people of the community), ways to try and find solutions for the pollution. Today, large live stock operations look more like animal factories than animal Farms. The farms usually consist of several metal barns, each containing several hundred to several thousand animals tightly confined. The floors in the barns are slatted so manure can be flushed away. The manure is pumped into open-air lagoons, which are large, shallow pits dug into the ground, where it is stored until it can be pumped out irrigate fields. The solid manure sinks to the bottom of the lagoons and is broken down by anaerobic bacteria over several months. The liquid rises to the top and is collected and sprayed over nearby fields. Many problems come with lagoons North Carolina is one of the top hog producing states in the country. On June 21, 1995, North Carolina suffered the largest agricultural waste spill in its history: a 7.5-acre, 12-foot-deep lagoon leaked 25 million gallons of hog waste into the headwaters of the New river near Richmonds. The waste from the 10,000-head operation, owned by Ocean view Farms, contaminated the water for several miles downstream, increasing the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients. When nutrient levels increase dramatically in rivers and other bodies of water, algae grow furiously, consuming most of he dissolve...

Provincial Bird Emblems of Canada

Provincial Bird Emblems of Canada Each of the provinces and territories of Canada has an official bird emblem. There is no national bird of Canada. The Official Bird Emblems of Canada Alberta Provincial Bird Great Horned Owl BC Provincial Bird Stellers Jay Manitoba Provincial Bird Great Gray Owl New Brunswick Provincial Bird Black-Capped Chickadee Newfoundland Provincial Bird Atlantic Puffin NWT Official Bird Gyrfalcon Nova Scotia Provincial Bird Osprey Nunavut Official Bird Rock Ptarmigan Ontario Provincial Bird Common Loon PEI Provincial Bird Blue Jay Quebec Provincial Bird Snowy Owl Saskatchewan Provincial Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Yukon Official Bird Raven Great Horned Owl On May 3, 1977 Alberta adopted the Great Horned owl as its Bird Emblem.   It was the popular winner in a vote amongst Albertas school children. This species of owl is native to North America and live in Alberta year round. It was meant to symbolize a growing concern for threatened wildlife.   Stellers Jay The lively Stellers Jay was once voted most popular bird by the people of British Columbia. The locals like the bird so much that on December 17, 1987, it was made the provincial bird. While these birds are considered pretty to look at their bird call has been described  as harsh.   Great Gray Owl Manitoba is one of three provinces to choose an owl for its provincial bird. The great gray owl is a native of Canada but is often seen in the Manitoba region. Its known for its large head and fluffy feathers. The wing span of this bird can reach an impressive four feet.   Black-Capped Chickadee Following a contest by the Federation of Naturalists in 1983, the black-capped chickadee was chosen as New Brunswicks provincial bird. Its one of the smallest provincial  birds and, compared to others like the Gyrfalcon, is rather tame.   Ã‚   Atlantic Puffin Newfoundlands adorable provincial bird is the Atlantic Puffin. It was a good choice seeing as almost 95% of North American Puffins breed along the Newfoundland coast. This is the only breed of puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean.   Gyrfalcon In 1990 the Northwest Territories chose a bird as rugged as their terrain  to represent them. The Gyrfalcon is the largest falcon breed on earth. These fast birds come in a variety of colors including white,  gray, brown and black.   Osprey Nova Scotia also chose a raptor for its provincial bird. After the peregrine  falcon, the Osprey is one of the most  widely found raptor  species. This bird of prey has powerful reversible outer toes, that it uses to catch fish and small animals with.   Rock Ptarmigan For its provincial bird, Nunavut picked a common game bird known as the Rock Ptarmigan. This quail-like bird is sometimes referred to as a snow chicken. These birds are popular in Canada and Japan.    Common Loon Despite its somewhat silly name, the Common Loon is the largest in the loon family. The provincial bird of Ontario belongs to a breed of bird known as divers. This is because they can be seen diving into the water attempting to catch fish.   Blue Jay The popular North American bird known as the Blue Jay is the provincial bird of Prince Edward Islands. It was chosen by popular vote in 1977. The bird is probably most widely known for its stunning blue color.   Snowy Owl Surviving on a steady diet of lemmings the Snowy Owl is the provincial bird of Quebec. This beautiful white owl can be seen hunting during the night and day. It was chosen as the provincial bird in 1987. Sharp-Tailed Grouse In 1945 the people of Saskatchewan chose the sharp-tailed grouse as its provincial bird. This popular game bird is also called the Prarie Chicken.   Raven In 1985 the Yukon choose the Common Raven as its provincial bird. These highly intelligent birds can be found all over the Yukon territory. The Common Raven is the largest member of the Crow family. This bird is important to the First Nation People of the Yukon and many stories are told about them.

When the Emperor was Divine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

When the Emperor was Divine - Essay Example The story is told from the perspective of the anonymous family, and it has special meaning. It does not matter what were the names of family members because they became simple outcasts in the eyes of Americans. The author calls her personages simply: a mother, a girl, a boy, and father which means that similar events happened to almost all Japanese families: they were simply turned to enemies. The story has four different narrators. First chapter is told from the Mother`s perspective who probably was affected the most by this unexpected exile as she was responsible for two little children at the absence of the husband. The journey on the train from their home in California to Topaz War Relocation Center is described by the daughter of the family while the family`s staying in inhumane conditions in the camp is described by the boy. The fourth chapter is told from the position of the father, however he uses the pronoun â€Å"we† which can be understood as â€Å"we† the fa mily or â€Å"we â€Å"-Japanese. It is possible to compare this novel to Bernard Schlink`s â€Å"The Reader† but this will be a comparison through opposition. In the story told by Schlink the main character, Hanna, does not feel any regret about her past service for the Nazi camp and tries to forget it with the help of books and strange love. The author raises a difficult question of conscious of the whole nation, and for Germans as well as for Japanese this question turns out to be very difficult as it touches each and every citizen. However, in â€Å"When the Emperor was Divine† the life of the characters, even the smallest one, is changed from the very beginning of the war. They become outcasts and they start feeling ashamed for their origin. These events influenced every character of the book in a different and serious way. The mother of the family faced

FRANK LlOYD WRIGHT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FRANK LlOYD WRIGHT - Term Paper Example But Wright was not interested in staying at the university and left in 1887 to work for J.L Silsbee in Chicago. Wright worked under Silsbee learning architectural detail. It was here that he drafted the construction of his first building, the Unity Chapel. Wright then moved on to work in the firm of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, where he not only progressed to become chief assistant to Sullivan but also met and then married his first wife Catherine Tobin. Wright was He worked here until 1893 and then opened his own architectural practice where he worked for the next five years. In 1909 Wright moved to Germany but returned in 1911. He then moved to Spring Green with Mamah Borthwick Cheney to work on a piece of ancestral land his mother had given him. It was here that Wright constructed one of his famous works, Taliesin. However in 1914, one of their servants went insane and tragically murdered Cheney and six others, thereby destroying what Wright had so lovingly built, but he refu sed to allow it to stop him and to the surprise of many, ended up rebuilding Taliesin. Wright eventually began spreading his influence and in 1914 he was asked to build the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo. In 1932, Wright converted Taliesin into an architectural fellowship where 30 young students paid to become his apprentices and learn from him. It was also during this particular period that Wright married his third wife Olivanna Milanoff. Eventually however as Wright began getting older, he desired living in a warmer more comfortable climate and therefore, in 1937, moved from Wisconsin to Phoenix Arizona. Here, Wright built Taliesin West which served the same purpose as Taliesin, i.e. an architectural fellowship where students could pay to learn from him. Wright spent a happy 20 years here but in 1959, at the age of 92, Wright died. Fallingwater Fallingwater or Kaufman residence is considered one of the most famous works of Frank Lloyd Wright. It was constructed in 1935 as the residence o f the wealthy Pittsburg businessman, Edward Kaufmann, with construction taking a little more than two years, and the house being complete by October 1937. It is one of the most recognizable images of modern architecture, marked by the waterfall running beneath the house and strongly characterized by distinctive horizontal and vertical lines. The house is breathtakingly admired not only for its general beauty and picturesque location but rather by the seamless integration between these two things, i.e. man-made architecture and the natural surroundings it is located it. Stone and reinforced concrete were the two materials used to make most of the house. The floors and ceilings were all made from reinforced concrete but there were raised stone slabs on the floor and the walls too were made of rough, untreated stone. This gave the house a very natural yet modern look, with a mixture of natural wood, concrete and stone, complemented by glass enhancing its natural appeal. Wright understo od the balance between wanting to be with nature as well as wanting to be sheltered from it and so he made big, broad windows of glass on the exterior so that the water and the nature around the house would be clearly visible but he then made sure the

Review for Carmen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review for Carmen - Essay Example There were many actions that I observed to be exemplary in terms of the finest performance as I watched the play. The major action that I observed to be interesting as well as powerful was the scene where Don Jose stabbed Carmen. Since the story is about the seduction by Carmen, Don Jose was a person who was jealous of her lovers. In order to make sure that he had a hold of Carmen, he stabbed her which haunts the viewers as well because of her lead role in the play. The set design, as well as the lighting, played a major role in enhancing the overall scenario (WichitaGrandOpera). The major theme that has been well shown in the play is jealousy. It should be noted that it is a feeling that can make people get on an incorrect path. As a matter of fact, the action discussed in above has given a definition to the theme. For instance, the theme of jealousy showed people that a person who would want to get a grasp of a possession would ultimately lead into a situation where he would actually lose it. It is merely because of the lust and yearning to get something only out of being jealous (WichitaGrandOpera). As far as the production elements are concerned, critics have discussed various pointers. For instance, acting, direction, and set-design have been critiqued by a number of widely-known critics when it comes to the play Carmen. I believe that the set-design played a very major role in making the play successful. International set designers were employed in order to design the sets. Thus, special research was conducted in order to present each and every aspect and element of the story (WichitaGrandOpera). Through the above analysis, it could be well-stated that the play Carmen is one of the most critical plays in the history. Its effective presentation has been done by a number of presenters and directors through theatrical setting. However, very few have been able to present its true essence. Thus, from the above

Historic State In Malaysia History Essay

Historic State In Malaysia History Essay The history of Malacca begins with the legendary tale of a Hindu prince Parameswara. He was the 14th Century Palembang prince who fled from a Javanese enemy and escaped to the island of Temasik, where he then established himself as a king. However he was than drive out of Temasik by the Siamese. With his band of followers he then continued his journey along the west coast of Malay Peninsula in search for a new refuge. He finally reached near a river called Bertam, where he witness hunting dogs being kicked by a pelanduk. Fascinated by the bravery of the pelanduk he then decided that he wants to build a city on the spot. While resting under a tree he asked his servant what was the name of the tree, after being informed that the tree was called Melaka, he finally gave that name to the city he is going to establish. All this happened in the year of 1400. Malacca is located at a very strategic point as it is located midway along the straits of Malacca that linked China to India and Near East. It was positioned as a center for maritime trade and with that the city grew rapidly. During this period Islam was introduced by the Gujarati traders from western India. Malacca was a center trade of silk and porcelain from China; textiles from Gujarat and Coromandel in India; camphor from Borneo; sandalwood from Timor; nutmeg, mace, and cloves from Moluccas; gold and pepper from Sumatra; and tin from western Malaya With the success and fame of Malacca it attracted a lot of covetous eyes. The first were Afonso de Albuquerque who was a Portuguese in 1511. Sultan Mahmud tried to counterattack the Portuguese repeatedly but failed without any success. Not until 1641 where Dutch took over Malacca after a fiery battle. The Dutch then used the city as a military base and to control the Straits of Malacca. However in 1795, when Netherlands was captures by French Revolutionary armies, Malacca was handed over to the British to avoid capture by French. In 1826, the English East India Company in Calcutta ruled the city. From 1942 to 1945 the city was under Japanese Occupation. However in 1957 Tunku Abdul Rahman restored Malacca from British when he announces the news of impeding independence. At the foot of St Pauls hill, there is a replica of the Melaka sultans palace during period of the Melaka sultanate ruling. Though it is only replica, some may believe it reassembles the real sultanate palace. The information that gathers and obtained from the Malay Annals is used for building such these historical structures. In addition, these historical structures had references to the construction and the architure of palaces of Melaka ruler, Sultan Mansur Syah, who ruled from 1456 to 1477. The palace is used for various palaces ceremonies and private chambers of sultan itself. For example are Balairong Seri, the main hall or throne room, and the Royale Bedchamber. Customs and traditions of various royal households that ruled Melaka has been demonstrate through the palace. The replica of the palace was constructed in 1984 and was officially opened for public by the Prime Minister of Malaysia on 17th July 1986 and then it became cultural museum. A unique feature about this building is wooden pegs is used in the construction of the building, so there is no nails. It also made of hardwood while the roof is made of Belian wood. At the south-western foot of Bukit China there is located a well that is believed to be the oldest existing well in Malacca. Under the orders of sultan Mansur Syah, the well was dug for his consort, the princess Hang Li Poh. However there is no single evidence about the existence of princess Hang Li Poh in Chinese imperial records. This well carries few interesting stories others than for Hang Li poh itself, the well has severally poisoned. In 1551, after Malacca was defeated by the Portuguese, the sultan of Malacca who reluctant fled to Johore, launched a counterattack by poisoning the well. Through this action, 200 Portuguese soldiers were killed. And then in 1606 once more the well was poisoned by the Dutch and lastly on 1628-1629 the Acheenese repeated it by poisoned again. The well then is protected by wall with cannons and guard post by the Dutch, after recognizing the importance of the well and avoid from sabotage again. In the heart of Malacca town there is a historical structure known as The Stadhuys, the red square. It was built by the Dutch who ruling Malacca in 1650. This big red hall was once used as an English institutional education, when Malacca was handed over to the British in the 19th century, by missionaries residing in Malacca. This is to response to a letter signed by a J.Humprey, J.W.Overee and A.W.Baumgarten. Where were once used by the British to provide free education, now the Stadhuys is now the home of a museum of history and ethnography. Traditional costumes and artefacts through the whole era or history of Malacca are been exhibits in the museum and one of Malaccas foremost museum. Jonker Street is the central boulevard of Chinatown. It is once renowned for its antique shops. However over the years it has turned to clothing and crafts outlets as well as restaurants. On Friday and Saturday nights, the street is transformed into the Jonker Walk Night Market a lively bazaar with hawker food stalls and tourist-friendly stands. Alternatively, traditional trishaws (becas) can be hired to take you on a nostalgic journey through this historical site. Jonker Street  has always held a special charm in terms of the diverse European-Asian culture and heritage at this city once known to the world as Malacca. The renowned street houses some of the countrys oldest heritage buildings dating back to the 17th century. Architecturally influenced by the Portuguese and Dutch, you will see an beautiful eclectic mix of cultures through this entire area. While Jonker Street is famous for its architecture and heritage, food is also one of the popular choices here. A good variety of l ocal food can be found along Jonker Street while most tend to source for the famous Peranakan or Nyonya food here. The  Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum  is a living museum located in Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock, a street adjacent to the Jonker Walk. Jalan Tun Tan Cheng Lock also known as the Millionaires Row in Melaka. Established in 1896, the  Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum  was once the family home of the Baba Chan family  known as Rumah Abu. Having been around for more than 100 years, this heritage building was built during the Dutch occupancy and later bought over by the Baba Chan family. The  Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum  illustrates the way of living of the Peranakans at the end of the 19th century, a unique blend of the east and the west. It also exhibits  an archive of beautiful traditional Baba and Nyonya costumes and a unique bridal chamber. St. Pauls Church is probably the oldest church in Malacca. It is located at the St. Pauls Hill .This church was originally a small chapel built by a Portuguese Captain called Duarto Coelho in 1521 and called Nosa Senhora Our Lady of the Hill. When the Dutch took over Malacca from the Portuguese, they changed its name to St. Pauls Church and used it for 112 years until they own church, the Christ Church was completed in 1753. Old tombstones found inside the ruins bear silent testimony to the final resting place of several Dutch and Portuguese nationals. In conclusion, Malacca is truly one of the Malaysians pride and honor for its history as well as unique lifestyles. The rich histories have embraced the culture and the people that stay in it. Although there are still a lot more of well known places such as Kota A Famosa, Francis Xavier Church and Kampung Kling Mosque in Malacca that we did not mention above, no doubt this place deserves to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Through Malaysians heart, Malacca is always the best place to learn the history while to enjoy variety of special local foods that are only manufactured there. All in all, we must preserve and maintain the beauty of Malacca so that the generations of Malaysia can get a glimpse of what left behind by the pasts.

Censorship on Television Essay -- TV Media

The government is correct in trying to censor what is seen on television. Censorship does not violate the first amendment and it prevents the harmful effects of graphic television. Many people are in favor of censorship and it may be accomplished without violating the rights of broadcasters or any other individuals. Censorship "refers to suppression of information, ideas, or artistic expression by anyone, whether government officials, church authorities, private pressure groups, or speakers, writers, and artists themselves" (Grolier, Inc.). Censorship can be a bad thing, and can also be positive. For television use, it is there to protect the people, namely children. There is a fear that the expression if not curtailed will do harm to individuals in its audiences or to society as a whole. "Obscene material is attacked because of the fear that it will corrupt personal morality" (Grolier, Inc.). The first amendment states that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of r eligion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. In no way does censorship violate the first amendment. Censorship prevents broadcasters from infringing on the rights of the viewers. Censorship has really been limited to obscenity and gratuitous violence or nudity because people in the media have policed themselves pretty harshly. The most prominent law established due to censorship is the Children’s Television Act of 1990. It was established to "remind broadcasters that there is indeed a common ground outside their narrow interests, a responsibility beyond profiteering, a common civic well where national purposes may coalesce" (http://www.cep.org/vchip.html). This law, like many others was put into place to protect the public. Many people throughout the United States feel very strongly about the issue of censorshi p. A firm supporter of censorship, United States Senator Earnest F. Hollings, from South Carolina stated that "Television should be a way to entertain, educate, and teach our kids how to grow, not a way to teach them how to shoot to kill"(Congressional Digest). Another Senator, Bryan L. Dorgan, from North Dakota described his anger when, while playing with his two small children with the television on ... ...s to censor. They will take advantage of that and monitor what is expressed on television. Many more propositions will be made and compromised on before broadcasters can come to terms with the public on censorship. The government is correct in trying to censor what is seen on television. The government serves to act in the best interest of the people. The protection of the development of minors in society is a very important issue. The topic of censorship has become such a prevalent issue because of its huge importance to many people. The public has made this an issue that the government and media must deal with in order to make both the broadcasters and the general public happy. It has been proven that violence on television, as well as sex and obscene language has an ill effect on society and it is the governments job to do something about it. Through the use of technology, great advances have been made, but there is still a lot to be done. Devices such as the V-chip and the ra ting system are small steps in a large gray area of politics. There has to be a "middle of the road" on which everyone can agree, but the government is responsible for laying the groundwork for compromise.

Trial balance

What is a Trial Balance? State its objectives and characteristics. Give some reasons for disagreement of the Trial Balance. A ‘Trial Balance' is a list of all the General ledger accounts (both revenue and capital) contained in the ledger of a business. This list will contain the name of the nominal ledger account and the value of that nominal ledger account. The value of the nominal ledger will hold either a debit balance value or a credit balance value.The debit balance values will be listed in the debit column of the trial balance and the redit value balance will be listed in the credit column. The profit and loss statement and balance sheet and other financial reports can then be produced using the ledger accounts listed on the trial balance. The following are the important objectives of trial balance: 1. To Check The Arithmetical Accuracy Trial balance is based on the double-entry principle of debit equals credit or credit equals debit. As a result, the debit and credit col umns of trial balance must always be equal.If they do, it is assumed that the recordings of financial transactions are ccurate. Conversely, if they do not, it is assumed that they are not arithmetically accurate. Therefore, one important purpose of preparing trial balance is to provide a check on the arithmetical accuracy of the recordings of the financial transactions. 2. To Help Locate Accounting Errors Since the trial balance indicates if there is any error committed in the Journal and the ledger, it helps the accountant to locate the error because the starting point of locating errors is trial balance itself. 3.To Summarize the Financial Transactions A business performs several numbers of financial transactions during a certain period of time. The transactions themselves cannot portray any picture of the financial affairs of the business. For that purpose, a summary of the transactions has to be drawn. The trial balance is prepared with a view to summarize all the financial tran sactions of the business. 4. To Provide the Basis for Preparing Final Accounts Final accounts are prepared to show profit and loss and the financial position of the business at the end of an accounting period.These accounts are prepared by using the debit and credit of all ledger accounts. Therefore, since the trial balance is a statement of the debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts, it provides the basis for the preparation of the final accounts. Characteristics of Trial Balance 1. It is a list of balances of all Ledger accounts and Cash Book 2. It is not a part of the double entry system of book-keeping. It is only a working paper. 3. It can be prepared on any date 4. It verifies the arithmetical accuracy of posting of entries from the Journal to the Ledger. 5.

Civilization and Complex Institutions

Sydra Gianassi Period 5 9/12/12 Civilization Interpretive Essay â€Å"Civilization is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities. † – Mark Twain. Civilization is the most highly developed phase of human social development and organization. Over thousands of years historians have come to the conclusion of minimums of being a civilization instead of only being a society. The five criteria of a civilization are advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology.The standard high-school criteria are used for analyzing every society to conclude if it is a civilization or not. There is controversy whether connection to a world system should be an addition to the criteria or whether civilization is even a valid concept. The perception of civilization has dated back thousands of years concluding that civilization is a valid concept because it helps categorize alike nations. The high-school criteria are suitable princ iples of civilization and should not be changed.Connection to a world system shouldn’t be added to the criteria because of the redundant contribution to society. The five standards a civilization needs to endure are advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. These 5 criteria are the exact definition of civilization, each principle balances the other. Without these 5 things a civilization would crumble immediately. Cities are the birthplaces or the uprising of the first civilizations.A city is a large group of different people with different cultures. Cities are a center for trade, allowing the city to grow and advance in a structured location. Another standard of civilization are specialized workers. Specialized labor came from the Agricultural revolution, when humans settled in one place and grew their own food. This caused a surplus of food allowing others to do other jobs which cultivated their culture and society. Without specialized workers societies would survive by hunting and gathering.Complex institutions were started in ancient Egypt. Examples of complex institutions are government, economy, tax systems and law. These types of institutions are used to stabilize the civilization so it won’t fall. Another standard is record keeping. As civilizations became intricate they needed to keep track of everything. Without record keeping we wouldn’t know anything about our past and would make the same faults as our ancestors. Finally the last criteria are advanced technology. Advanced technologies are tools to help improve the civilization.Without tools our ancestors wouldn’t be able to create the simple tools of survival ending humanity all together. With these 5 criteria of being civilization humanity has been able to develop to the different cultures there are today. Civilization is a compelling perception although it has many definitions. Submitting to human society in its entirety is a civilization. The Greek Empire separated them from anyone else who don’t speak Greek. They called the outsiders barbarians or the uncivilized. Another empire that labeled other communities was the Roman Empire.They labeled themselves as a society with its own set of distinctive qualities from other civilizations. The word civilization is an expression utilized to portray societies that have advanced farther than other communities such as Paleolithic life of hunting and gathering. Connection to a world system is not needed to make a successful civilization. Connecting with the outside world doesn’t compose the civilization; it only shapes the society within. It merely advances the civilization further to a modern age such as trade and religion.Trade improves advanced technology and culture. For example the Silk Road was a major trade route. The religious and artistic changes our culture has accustomed today came from the Silk Road. It also changed social acceptance and amplifies social interaction with other cultures. These different cultures whose beliefs and cultures help open new and different cultures from one's own culture, and unlocked wealth and opportunities. The Silk Road was essential to day by day life in route-side settlements. Trade is a key part of civilization but is not needed to survive.An example of a civilization that lived without connection to a world system was Feudal Japan. Feudal Japan was a very private civilization with very little trade decreasing the advancement in technology and weapons. But even without the modern technology from the outside world, Feudal Japan was a successful civilization. So a civilization does not require connection to a world system to survive. In conclusion, civilization is a valid concept because it helps organize areas based on similar culture and technology in an area.Since the five criteria are suitable principles it should not be changed or added to. Connection to the world s ystem should not be a supplementary standard of the criteria of a civilization because of its less important contribution to society. Civilization is the state of advanced culture including advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. â€Å"Individual commitment to a group effort – that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. † – Vince Lombardi